Freud Was Glass Half Empty, Peirce Was Not

Freud: the last great Enlightenment thinker | Prospect Magazine: "Writing to Albert Einstein in the early 1930s, Sigmund Freud suggested that “man has in him an active instinct for hatred and destruction.” Freud went on to contrast this “instinct to destroy and kill” with one he called erotic—an instinct “to conserve and unify,” an instinct for love.

Without speculating too much, Freud continued, one might suppose that these instincts function in every living being, with what he called “the death instinct”—thanatos—acting “to work its ruin and reduce life to its primal state of inert matter.” The death instinct provided “the biological justification for all those vile, pernicious propensities [to war] which we are now combating.”"

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Peirce was a few generations ahead of Freud and only now is poised to vault well ahead of the good Doctor in the influence department.

 

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